Just because you’re communicating online does not mean you should consider yourself exempt from any of the formalities of paper-based communication. Online cover letters are notoriously awful, poorly written throwaways of fewer than three lines whose only purpose is to say “I’m applying, this is my resume, have a nice day.”

When formatting the cover letter, stick to left-justified headers and four-inch wide text lines in your paragraphs. You never know when the address you’re mailing to has a small e-mail-page format that will awkwardly wrap text around the screen. Also, many e-mail systems cannot handle text enhancements like bolding, bulleting or underlining, so play it safe by using CAPITAL LETTERS — or dashes — if you need to make an emphasis. For more expert advice on cover letters, check out the Vault Job Search Survival Center .

Proper E-mail Cover Letter Etiquette

Anil Dash, the former chief information technology officer for an online music video production studio in Manhattan, lost his job this January when the company fired nearly all its employees. Since then, Dash figures he’s applied for more than a dozen jobs, contacting every one of the potential employers – befitting an out-of-work CIO – through e-mail.

But every time he prepares another e-mail, he faces a choice. Should he bother to write an e-mail cover letter, the sort of thing he’d do if he were mailing the resume, or should he merely dash off a few lines to the effect of, “Hi, I’m interested in your job, and I’ve attached my resume as a Word file. Thanks.”
“I do cover letters for jobs I really want,” Dash says. “For ones I don’t care about, I just spam them.”

Why cover letters still matter

According to recruiting experts, Dash is doing the right thing by writing extensive e-mail cover letters. Even though cover letters came of age in the age of pen and paper (or typewriter and paper), they still have a place in the 21st century, when want ads, resumes, and interviews all fly over virtual networks.
“It’s going over the Internet, but it’s the same product,” Madeline Miller, the manager of Compu-Type Nationwide Resume Service in upstate New York, said of e-mail cover letters. “The cover is very important and it should be the same quality if you were to mail it.”

Since e-mail messages generally tend to be conversational and quickly written, many people aren’t used to drafting carefully written e-mail cover letters. But Miller said any applicant who creates a fully-fleshed e-mailed cover letter has an advantage over an applicant with a more slapdash cover letter.

“There is a tendency to jot off a few lines, and people might write, “I’m applying for this job, here is my resume,” Miller said. “But if there is a cover letter, that could put somebody over the top.”
But at the same time, make sure your e-mailed cover letter isn’t a chore to read. If brevity is a virtue with conventional cover letters, it’s a necessity for e-mailed cover letters. You can find out more about cover letters with Vault’s expert career advice.

Appropriate cover letter length

Reesa Staten, the research director for OfficeTeam, a staffing service firm, says e-mailed resumes shouldn’t run more than two or three paragraphs.

“You want to include the same type of information, albeit in a shorter version,” Staten said. “What you don’t want to do is rehash your resume. There’s no need to restate what you’ve done in the past. What you want to do is tell them where you learned about the listing, why you’re right for the job, and how they can reach you.”

Tips for sending cover letters and resumes

If you really want the job, follow up an e-mailed cover letter and resume with a hard copy you mail. Make sure this hard copy includes a cover letter, too, that restates who you are and why you’re qualified. Somewhere in the cover letter, be sure to write, “I recently e-mailed you my resume and I’m following up with this hard copy.”

Why should you do this? A hard copy gives your resume another chance for exposure and makes it easier for a potential boss to pass around or file your cover letter and resume. In cases where your e-mailed cover letter and resume have been overlooked in someone’s in-box or rendered inaccessible by a computer glitch, a hard copy may be your only chance for exposure.

If you’re including a resume as an attachment, first make sure the prospective employer accepts attachments. Then, in your cover letter, mention the program you used to create your attachment. (”I’ve enclosed a cover letter written in Microsoft Word 2000.”) It’s also a good idea to include a cut and paste text version of your resume in addition, in case the person reading the resume doesn’t have the software to open your attachment.

With any resume file you’re attaching, open it first to make sure it’s updated, error free, and the version of your resume you want to send. Sending a virus is tantamount to sealing your job-doom.
Save a copy of whatever you send by including your own e-mail address in the “BCC” field or by making sure a copy goes to your “Sent mail” folder. This allows you to resend the letter if a problem pops up.
Lastly, don’t fill in the “to” field with the recipient’s e-mail address until you’ve finished writing and editing the cover letter and resume. This prevents you from accidentally sending off the message before it’s ready.

For more expert advice on the job search, from resumes and cover letters to interviewing and salary negotiation, go to the Vault Job Search Survival Center

I decided to write this column series on real reasons applicants have unsuccessful interviews.  Some are actually pretty funny.

Today’s reason is: The Applicant didn’t ask enough questions.

I had a young lady who wowwed the interviewer with her experience and was simply overqualified for the job, in my opinion.  When I spoke with her afterwards, she thought the interview when well. She researched the company before hand, she came prepared with all the neccessities and she did almost everything perfectly. However, since she knew alot about the position and the company, she didn’t ask many questions.

When I spoke with my client (the interviewer), she agreed that the applicant was good enough for the job, but she just didn’t want to hire her. She didn’t ask enough questions.

In this economy, most employers can disqualify you for almost anything – except race and the other illegal things, of course. But, I’m sure you get my point. So, the moral of this story is to research the company and ask questions – even if you know the answers. Impress your interviewer with the fact that you researched and don’t just ask random questions just for the sake of asking. Ask for clarification on the facts that you already know.

Poor handshake: The three-second handshake that starts the interview is your first opportunity to create a great impression. But all too often an interview is blown right from the start by an ineffective handshake. Once you’ve delivered a poor handshake, it’s nearly impossible to recover your efforts to build rapport. Here are some examples:

• The Limp Hand (or “dead fish”): Gives the impression of disinterest or weakness
• The Tips of the Fingers: Shows lack of ability to engage.
• The Arm Pump: Sincerity is questionable, much like an overly aggressive salesman.

Even if you’re a seasoned professional, don’t assume you have avoided these pitfalls. Your handshake may be telling more about you than you know. Ask for honest critiques from several friends who aren’t afraid to tell you the truth.

Talking too much: In my recruiting days, I abhorred over-talkative candidates. So did most of my client employers. Over-talking takes a couple of forms:

• Taking too long to answer direct questions. The impression: This candidate just can’t get to the point.
• Nervous talkers. The impression: This candidate is covering up something or is outright lying.

To avoid either of these forms of over-talking, practice answering questions in a direct manner. Avoid nervous talking by preparing for your interview with role-play

Talking negatively about current or past employers/managers: The fastest way to talk yourself out of a new job is to say negative things. Even if your last boss was Attila the Hun, never, never state your ill feelings about him/her. No matter how reasonable your complaints, you will come out the loser if you show that you disrespect your boss because the interviewer will assume that you would similarly trash him or her. When faced with the challenge of talking about former employers, make sure you are prepared with a positive spin on your experiences.

Showing up late or too early: One of the first lessons in job-search etiquette is to show up on time for interviews. Many job-seekers don’t realize, however, that showing up too early often creates a poor first impression as well. Arriving more than 10 minutes early for an interview is a dead giveaway that the job seeker has too much time on his or her hands, much like the last one picked for the softball team. Don’t diminish your candidate desirability by appearing desperate. Act as if your time were as valuable as the interviewer’s. Always arrive on time, but never more than 10 minutes early.

Treating the receptionist rudely: Since the first person you meet on an interview is usually a receptionist, this encounter represents the first impression you’ll make. Don’t mistake low rank for low input. Often that receptionist’s job is to usher you into your interview. The receptionist has the power to pave your way positively or negatively before you even set eyes on the interviewer. The interviewer may also solicit the receptionist’s opinion of you after you leave. Also, the receptionist could actually be your interviewer. If the current receptionist stepped out for a moment or your interviewer could just be sitting at their desk. You’ll never know so, be nice.

Asking about benefits, vacation time or salary: What if a car salesman asked to see your credit report before allowing you to test drive the cars? That would be ridiculous, and you’d walk away in disgust. The effect is about the same when a job-seeker asks about benefits or other employee perks during the first interview. Wait until you’ve won the employer over before beginning that discussion.

Not preparing for the interview: Nothing communicates disinterest like a candidate who hasn’t bothered to do pre-interview research. On the flip side, the quickest way to a good impression is to demonstrate your interest with a few well thought out questions that reflect your knowledge of their organization.

Verbal ticks: An ill-at-ease candidate seldom makes a good impression. The first signs of nervousness are verbal ticks. We all have them from time to time — “umm,” “like,” “you know.” Ignore the butterflies in your stomach and put up a front of calm confidence by avoiding verbal ticks. You can also sometimes avoid verbal ticks by pausing for a few seconds to gather your thoughts before each response.

One of the best ways to reduce or eliminate them is through role-play. Practice sharing your best success stories ahead of time, and you’ll feel more relaxed during the real interview.

Not enough/too much eye contact: Either situation can create a negative effect. Avoid eye contact and you’ll seem shifty, untruthful, or disnterested; offer too much eye contact, and you’ll wear the interviewer out. If you sometimes have trouble with eye-contact balance, work this issue out ahead of time in an interview practice session with a friend.

Failure to match communication styles: It’s almost impossible to make a good first impression if you can’t communicate effectively with an interviewer. But you can easily change that situation by mirroring the way the interviewer treats you. For instance:

• If the interviewer seems all business, don’t attempt to loosen him/her up with a joke or story. Be succinct and businesslike
• If the interviewer is personable, try discussing his/her interests. Often the items on display in the office can offer a clue.
• If asked a direct question, answer directly. Then follow up by asking if more information is needed.

Allowing the interviewer to set the tone of conversation can vastly improve your chances of making a favorable impression. You can put the interviewer at ease — and make yourself seem more like him or her — by mirroring his or her communication style.

Final Thoughts

Just as a strong resume wins you an opportunity to interview, strong interview skills will win you consideration for the job. You already know that you won’t earn an interview unless your resume sets you apart as a candidate of choice. Similarly, you should know that polishing your interview skills can mean the difference between getting the job offer — and being a runner-up.

Start your job search with a resume that creates a stellar first impression, then back those facts up with your extraordinary interview skills. You will have made yourself a better candidate by avoiding these ten interview pitfalls. And no one will have to talk about you as the candidate who “almost” got the job.

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